Concrete Patio Stain

 The process of applying concrete patio stain involves chemical staining sometimes referred to as acid staining. Stains can be applied to both indoor and outdoor concrete surfaces. Basically what occurs is a reaction between metallic salts in the prepared acidic, water-based solution, which can be purchased from one of several companies who produce such a product, and the lime in the concrete. This reaction yields insoluble, colored compounds that become a fixed element of the concrete. The main contributing ingredient driving the reaction is the water in the solution.

The possible colors are all variants of three basic groups, being black, brown, and blue-green. There are a number of influential factors with respect to the final color and its intensity after the stain is applied including: cement properties, concrete finishing methods, age of the concrete and moisture content when the stain is applied. The weather upon the time of staining also plays a key role. To illustrate, on warm, sunny days it is difficult for the solution to penetrate into the concrete.

Very little equipment is actually used to prepare the surface and apply the solution. A buffer or grinder is often useful, as is power-washing equipment. The solution is applied to the surface with a brush, which should be resistant to hydrochloric acid, as should any tools that are likely to come in contact with the liquid stain. Proper safety gear should also be worn, such as goggles, gloves, and boots, all acid-proof, and a facemask to protect from harmful acid vapours. A wet vacuum is additionally suggested to aid with the cleanup.  

Once the surface is properly washed and prepared, the stain application can begin. The solution may be applied via a sprayer or with a paintbrush, but keep in mind that care must be taken with both methods. The sprayer must be able to handle acid and contain no metal parts. Extra hands may be needed to aid with scrubbing the stain into the surface following spraying. When applying with a paintbrush, care must be taken to avoid an excess of brush marks.

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